展覽時(shí)間:2006年4月15日至2006年4月30日展覽地點(diǎn):北京市海淀區(qū)文惠園北路9號(hào)今日美術(shù)館A廳尹朝陽(yáng)1970年9月生于河南省南陽(yáng)市1996年畢業(yè)于中央美術(shù)學(xué)院版畫(huà)系1996年至今職業(yè)藝術(shù)家,現(xiàn)居北京個(gè)展2005年《公共空間》美國(guó)紐約MaxProtetch畫(huà)廊《青春·烏托邦》泰國(guó)曼谷唐人畫(huà)廊2004年《烏托邦》北京中央美術(shù)學(xué)院美術(shù)館《烏托邦vs青春物語(yǔ)》上海多倫現(xiàn)代美術(shù)館2002年《神話》上海亦安畫(huà)廊2001年《神話》北京藝術(shù)博物館聯(lián)展2005年《70后藝術(shù)》上海劉海粟現(xiàn)代美術(shù)館北京今日美術(shù)館《中國(guó)藝術(shù)三年展》南京博物院《麻將》希克收藏展瑞士2003年《圖像的圖像》深圳美術(shù)館2002年《青春殘酷繪畫(huà)》上海東大名藝術(shù)創(chuàng)庫(kù)北京炎黃藝術(shù)館2001年《第一屆成都雙年展》成都現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)館1999年《新銳的目光》北京國(guó)際藝苑美術(shù)館Sep.1970BorninNanyang,HenanProvince,China1996GraduatedfromPrintingDepartment,CentralAcademyofFineArts,BeijingSince1996IndependentArtist,LivinginBeijingSoloExhibitions:2005《Youth·Utopia》TangGalleryBangkok,Thailand2004《Utopia》MuseumofCentralAcademyofFineArt,Beijing《UtopiaVsYoungstory》DuoLunMuseumofModernArt,Shanghai2002《ythology》AuraGallery,Shanghai2001《ythology》BeijingArtMuseum,BeijingGroupExhibitions:2005《70’sArt》LiuHaisuArtMuseum,TodayArtMuseum《theSecondTriennialofChineseArt》NanjingMuseum2003《MageaboutImages》ShenzhenArtMuseum,Shenzhen2002《heYouthCrueltyPainting》DdmArtWarehouse,ShanghaiYanhuangArtMuseum,Beijing2001《FirstChengduBiennale》ChengduModernArtMuseum,Chengdu1999《harpNewSights》BeijingInternationalArtMuseum,BeijingⅠ以系列畫(huà)的方式來(lái)表現(xiàn)一個(gè)題材,顯然有別于單幅畫(huà)的方式。

就觀看的角度而言,當(dāng)我們?cè)谡褂[上發(fā)現(xiàn)一幅令自己著迷的作品,會(huì)為之流連忘返,將自我融入到畫(huà)面的深處,將畫(huà)面放大成世界。但是,當(dāng)我們面對(duì)著系列組畫(huà),進(jìn)而是以此構(gòu)成的整個(gè)展覽,我們的狀態(tài)就被動(dòng)得多,自我們進(jìn)入到展覽的空間,就已經(jīng)被一座小世界包圍,在某種程度上,我們成為了俘虜,和被囚者;

換句話說(shuō),組畫(huà)的物質(zhì)感要強(qiáng)大得多,它實(shí)際掌控了空間,以它的數(shù)量和體積布置了一個(gè)新環(huán)境,而畫(huà)家似乎扮演了一個(gè)臨時(shí)的“造物主”角色。但是,在榮耀的背后,畫(huà)家卻是另一個(gè)角色,苦役犯。系列畫(huà)是一項(xiàng)歷時(shí)性的工程,過(guò)程相對(duì)漫長(zhǎng),其中的勞累和枯燥是不言而喻的,苦惱、懷疑和煩躁總是伴隨著他具體的工作。當(dāng)這項(xiàng)工程進(jìn)行到一定的階段,他很可能會(huì)迷失,產(chǎn)生放棄的打算。在這樣的時(shí)候,他會(huì)回到當(dāng)初的那個(gè)起點(diǎn)去,重新思考和掂量自己的動(dòng)機(jī),想一想整件事情是否值得他投入這么多的精力與時(shí)日,并且,究竟是否有意義可言。

尹朝陽(yáng)關(guān)于《神話》的那篇筆記,正可以視為這樣一種檢視。以相當(dāng)坦率的口吻,畫(huà)家首先回憶了一個(gè)夏日的下午,他在回家的途中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊大石頭,“它靜靜地呆在路邊,無(wú)聲、蒼白、堅(jiān)硬。我突然有種莫名的感動(dòng),大概有兩分鐘時(shí)間我就和這塊石頭對(duì)峙著,然后我揣著顆沉甸甸的心就回去了。

”晚上,石頭被搬回家,接下去的一段日子里,他希望給這塊石頭起上一個(gè)名字,在查閱字典尋覓靈感的過(guò)程里,他找到了“神話”這個(gè)條目,想像力開(kāi)始打開(kāi),當(dāng)他將石頭與西西弗神話、米開(kāi)朗基羅雕塑中手托石頭的大衛(wèi)、夸父逐日、愚公移山等等聯(lián)系在一起時(shí),為石頭進(jìn)行命名,已經(jīng)變成了為一個(gè)繪畫(huà)題材所做的思考,這里,筆記里有一句話尤其是需要注意的,他說(shuō):“雖然牽強(qiáng),甚至有圖解的危險(xiǎn),但是我還是被籠罩在這些英雄人物身上的輝煌、悲劇的力量所震撼”。

這就是說(shuō),這組畫(huà)最初的構(gòu)想里,即包含了自我懷疑的成分。他以“圖解的危險(xiǎn)”道出了這一事實(shí),我以為,在尹朝陽(yáng)確立起他整個(gè)繪畫(huà)形象的過(guò)程之中,這種危險(xiǎn)都一直是潛在的,它如同一個(gè)隨時(shí)都在窺伺他的陷阱,在某個(gè)拐角或者看似平坦之極的地方,想將他捕獲、吞沒(méi),而他始終設(shè)法繞過(guò)去,他的警覺(jué)和內(nèi)省、他的才能與勇氣在此充分地展示出來(lái),但是,這并不意味著陷阱的消失,和危機(jī)的解除,事實(shí)上,每個(gè)畫(huà)家的風(fēng)格具有雙刃劍的意味,在征服觀眾的特殊鋒芒之中,勢(shì)必意味了某種偏執(zhí)。
他的繪畫(huà)表現(xiàn)出一種個(gè)人英雄主義的氣質(zhì),在我們的這個(gè)年代顯得罕見(jiàn),當(dāng)代繪畫(huà)的領(lǐng)域內(nèi)確實(shí)充溢了炫奇和矯飾,低俗的游戲性與不斷的精神妥協(xié),當(dāng)這位年輕的藝術(shù)家以充滿蔑視和對(duì)抗的批判姿態(tài)出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候,他就顯得如此與眾不同,并且倍受矚目。可以說(shuō),無(wú)論外部世界經(jīng)歷著怎樣的變遷,在人們的內(nèi)心深處,總是存留著一份對(duì)于英雄的崇拜,對(duì)于道德回歸的向往,尹朝陽(yáng)正好契合了這種內(nèi)在需要,他的繪畫(huà)具有道德的美感和力度,同時(shí)激發(fā)著生命釋放出巨大的能量,從空洞的深淵里進(jìn)行向外的一躍。
然而,確實(shí)存在著一種可能的危險(xiǎn):藝術(shù)中的道德美最容易得到觀眾的歡呼,同時(shí)也最容易走向衰敗。因?yàn)椋赖峦?a href="/diaosu/3727-1/" target="_blank">宗教、神話或哲學(xué)的圖解,這類形象最大的弊病,是會(huì)泄露出理念的源頭,使作品充滿了說(shuō)教的色彩,顯得僵硬、淺薄,并且與意識(shí)形態(tài)的措辭相類似,而且,包含于藝術(shù)家頭腦之中的信仰和理想往往是含混的,它們并非以真理性內(nèi)容的價(jià)值,而是依憑形象的表現(xiàn)力來(lái)感召觀眾,就我們這個(gè)年代所能觸摸到的精神高度而言,這類形象只能將自己懸置于空洞的深淵之中,它在盡力顯示翱翔和攀升姿態(tài)的同時(shí),隨時(shí)都需要尋找讓自己站得住腳的理由。
當(dāng)然,這種類型的創(chuàng)作產(chǎn)生過(guò)更高一級(jí)的范例,譬如戈雅的繪畫(huà)或卡夫卡的小說(shuō),盡管作品極具圖解性和象征性,但它們同時(shí)可視為想象力的自主行為,藝術(shù)家以形象的原創(chuàng)性,震撼和折服了觀眾。《神話》的題材本身有可質(zhì)疑之處,首先是它的異域性,固有一種文化形態(tài)上的隔閡感。我們知道,上個(gè)世紀(jì)八十年代,存在主義曾經(jīng)在中國(guó)引起極大的反響,加繆的作品獲得廣泛的閱讀,他關(guān)于西西弗斯神話的剖析文章,和小說(shuō)《局外人》、《鼠疫》一起為中國(guó)讀者熟悉,在加繆的筆下,被罰在地獄中推石頭的西西弗斯,象征了荒繆的人類處境里的現(xiàn)代英雄,他的身上“體現(xiàn)了輝煌的、悲劇力量”,正可以說(shuō)是尹朝陽(yáng)所需的理想主角。
實(shí)際上,畫(huà)家在思考這個(gè)題材時(shí),已經(jīng)將夸父追日、愚公移山這類中國(guó)神話作了考慮,然而,最終它們被放回了隱性的背景之中。這種舍近求遠(yuǎn)的選擇看起來(lái)有些奇怪,不過(guò),如果“石頭”或尹朝陽(yáng)的個(gè)人氣質(zhì)放進(jìn)來(lái)考慮,就變得容易解釋。夸父無(wú)疑具有強(qiáng)烈的英雄主義氣概,然而,如果對(duì)這個(gè)故事進(jìn)行視覺(jué)轉(zhuǎn)換,突顯的將是人與太陽(yáng)的意象關(guān)系,雖然愚公移山的過(guò)程正是人與石頭的展示,但在愚公這個(gè)人物的身上畢竟帶有愚頑的特性,只有到了毛擇東的時(shí)代,他才被賦予了不屈不饒的象征性,成為階級(jí)論中的英雄化身。在中國(guó)的神話中,與“西西弗斯”相仿的是“精衛(wèi)”填海的神話,她所表現(xiàn)出的正是一種英雄般的奮斗,是有限的生命向無(wú)限提出的挑戰(zhàn),石沉大海與巨石推至山頂重又落下,都象征了一種在無(wú)望之中的抗?fàn)帯?/p>
然而,一顆可置于鳥(niǎo)喙之間的小石子,對(duì)于從氣質(zhì)上偏好于重大、嚴(yán)峻之物的尹朝陽(yáng)而言,顯得太輕巧、滑膩了。石頭,那沉重、冰冷、堅(jiān)硬、布滿棱角的物體,更吻合他的審美態(tài)度,與之相對(duì),北方式的、凝固的荒野背景比南方式的、流動(dòng)性的大海,更具有剛毅的雄性氣魄。西西弗斯的“到來(lái)”,意味著他不得不采用感情誤置的方式,將石頭進(jìn)行擬人化的處理,用以指稱人的欲望和精神負(fù)擔(dān)——那塊路邊的石頭已經(jīng)不復(fù)它本來(lái)的面目,它被提升到一個(gè)象征的位置上,與神話和英雄的精神題旨迅速結(jié)合在一起,成為人性之中欲望、焦慮、壓力等情感的客觀對(duì)應(yīng)物,從本質(zhì)上來(lái)說(shuō),物自身的特性被淹沒(méi)了,在表現(xiàn)物的自然特性和表現(xiàn)理念這兩者之間,他選擇了后者,這意味著,在感動(dòng)他的最初事實(shí)與他要表現(xiàn)的事實(shí)之間就有了一種脫節(jié),但他敏感地意識(shí)到了這種脫節(jié),這種“圖解的危險(xiǎn)”,我們可以看到,當(dāng)這組畫(huà)最終呈現(xiàn)在我們面前的時(shí)候,物的自然特性得到了很大程度的挽留和表現(xiàn),其中有一些畫(huà)作直接描繪了巖石本身,它本身的褶皺和棱角、蒼涼和沉重,同時(shí),并沒(méi)有人出現(xiàn)在這樣的畫(huà)面上。
另外,也有一種深邃而平靜的畫(huà)面,調(diào)子是柔和的藍(lán)灰色,人默默地俯身于巖石之間,似乎就是要體驗(yàn)物的本性,它的厚度、形狀、體積,人通過(guò)與這種自然物的對(duì)話,從而將自身融化在宇宙的蒼茫和安寧之中。勞動(dòng)的場(chǎng)景從不同的角度展現(xiàn)在那些畫(huà)作里,進(jìn)一步地表現(xiàn)那種本真情懷,勞動(dòng)正是一個(gè)釋放人的原始活力而且直達(dá)物質(zhì)深層的過(guò)程,這個(gè)過(guò)程充滿了無(wú)窮的樂(lè)趣,它“使人處于宇宙的中心,而不是社會(huì)的中心,”;我們可以看到,西西弗斯神話中那個(gè)關(guān)于人推著石頭上山的、單調(diào)不變的情節(jié)性動(dòng)作被改寫了,畫(huà)家以“慢鏡頭”,以一再定格和放大的方式,展示和窮盡著采石的全過(guò)程,畫(huà)中人將石頭從山體中攫起,將它舉過(guò)頭頂,懷抱它,背負(fù)它,卸除它,搖動(dòng)它,靠在它的旁邊,或者像禿鷲般斂翅在它的上邊…
在這方面,令人想起一部西班牙影片《牛》,影片中以繁復(fù)多變的視角展示了劈柴的過(guò)程,在其一再的放大呈現(xiàn)下,觀眾帶著驚訝和新奇的感覺(jué),領(lǐng)略到其中蘊(yùn)含的力與美,體悟了釋放人體內(nèi)在能量的滿足和幸福。然而,影片中對(duì)劈柴的表現(xiàn)仍然是牧歌式的,是唯美化的粗獷,相比之下,《神話》的調(diào)子絕不是幻美的成分,也不是原始活力的單純贊歌——在它的核心調(diào)性上,勞動(dòng)被引入了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)緊張、異化和瘋狂的狀態(tài),現(xiàn)代人內(nèi)心深處的焦慮與沖突感被人與石頭的關(guān)系盡可能地摹擬與演示出來(lái),勞動(dòng),因而成為了苦刑。
為這個(gè)系列畫(huà)所突顯的人與石頭的關(guān)系,更是一場(chǎng)無(wú)休止的搏斗,一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。最典型的情態(tài)出現(xiàn)在其中的一幅畫(huà)里,鮮血正從搬石頭的人的雙腿之間流下,而他的背后,成堆的巖石上有熔化成巖漿般的液體往下流淌,人與石頭仿佛都處在沸點(diǎn)之中,兩者之間的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)完全可以用“白熱化”來(lái)形容。這種搏斗的激烈與殘酷也充分表露畫(huà)中人的表情和肌體之中,不妨說(shuō),在對(duì)這些面孔和身軀的塑造中,尹朝陽(yáng)回顧了一個(gè)從戈雅到弗朗西斯·培根的譜系,其中應(yīng)該包括了眾多的表現(xiàn)主義者們,例如凡高、蒙克、奧斯卡·科柯施卡,所有這些畫(huà)家都繪制了“焦慮的人”,他們的筆觸顯得激烈而敏感,顏料有一種可怕的實(shí)體感,他們所繪制的人物面孔和身軀,都具有精神夢(mèng)魘的重負(fù)之下引發(fā)出的扭曲和抽搐感,器官因此而變形,甚至模糊不清;
在《神話》之中,精神夢(mèng)魘具化成了石頭,具化成了人與石頭之間的搏斗,人體的扭曲和變形的理由因此來(lái)得更為具體,當(dāng)人奮力地舉起一塊石頭時(shí),他全身的肌肉和表情都自然地處在極度緊張的狀態(tài)之中。尤其值得一提的還有《神話》畫(huà)面中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)的那種劃線,它們呈圈狀環(huán)繞人體。
培根曾經(jīng)以這種劃線表現(xiàn)人體被壓抑的活力,而在畫(huà)面效果上顯示出的是一種“鬼怪式的花哨”。而這種劃線在尹朝陽(yáng)這里得以被巧妙地運(yùn)用,它們像血痕,勒痕,從用力過(guò)猛的身軀上綻裂、飛濺到空中,成為了被掙斷的鎖鏈,彰顯傷痕與暴力的記號(hào),另一方面,可以將它們比喻成內(nèi)在能量的射線,仿佛內(nèi)在的痛苦和欲望終于在苦刑之中被引渡,轉(zhuǎn)化為虛空中的狂喜體驗(yàn)。
紅線也給畫(huà)面帶來(lái)了悸動(dòng)感,粉碎了古典的平衡和呆板,空間更為立體可感,同時(shí)彌散著不安定的、不可定義和不可名狀的因素,仿佛畫(huà)家有意用它們來(lái)充填理念與“圖解”的可能裂縫,以非理性的活力消解了單一化的理念。《神話》中有一幅關(guān)于面孔的特寫,那是一張如同戈雅災(zāi)難畫(huà)里的那種青面獠牙的魔怪面孔,這種異形的出現(xiàn)仿佛在證實(shí),即使是英雄也已經(jīng)因?yàn)闊o(wú)法忍受漫長(zhǎng)、孤獨(dú)而殘酷的苦刑,而喪失了善的追求,邪惡成為了他的精神主宰,他已經(jīng)徹底地異化了。從主題上而言,尹朝陽(yáng)筆下的這張面孔已經(jīng)取締了加繆筆下的“現(xiàn)代英雄”,加繆在那篇著名文章的結(jié)尾處說(shuō):“攀登山頂?shù)膴^斗本身足以充實(shí)一顆人心。
應(yīng)該想象西西弗斯是幸福的。”換句話說(shuō),假設(shè)處于勞役過(guò)程中的西西弗斯是絕望、歇斯底里的,不斷地發(fā)出惡毒的詛咒,那么他的意義等于不存在。只有在苦刑之中體驗(yàn)到圓滿意義的人,才能提供一種個(gè)人英雄的樣本,不妨說(shuō),“充實(shí)”和“幸福”正是加繆為西西弗斯這個(gè)原型添加的道德基座。
但是,在尹朝陽(yáng)的這幅肖像畫(huà)中,這個(gè)基座被打碎了。我們可以看到,在尹朝陽(yáng)對(duì)于英雄和神話題材的關(guān)注與癡迷之中,正隱含了一種愿望:藝術(shù)家在當(dāng)今的年代里、仍然能夠繼續(xù)扮演起英雄式的人物。而西西弗斯這個(gè)神話人物本身就是雙重的象征,象征人類荒謬處境的同時(shí),也象征著重復(fù)不斷的個(gè)人努力與孤獨(dú)的創(chuàng)作命運(yùn)。超人的意志力,正是英雄和依照英雄形象塑造自我的藝術(shù)家的一個(gè)標(biāo)志。在尹朝陽(yáng)的幾個(gè)系列畫(huà)之中,如果說(shuō)《失樂(lè)園》是關(guān)于破滅的愛(ài)情神話的挽歌,《廣場(chǎng)》與《烏托邦》是關(guān)于破滅的意識(shí)形態(tài)神話的挽歌,那么,《神話》更具精神的自傳性,它可以視為一種藝術(shù)家自畫(huà)像的變體,是關(guān)于個(gè)人意志的頌歌。
然而,這一頌歌依然隱含著這樣一個(gè)懸而未決的矛盾:藝術(shù)家的英雄夢(mèng)是應(yīng)該卸下的負(fù)擔(dān),還是應(yīng)該以個(gè)人的強(qiáng)烈意志去創(chuàng)造的神話?喀邁拉也出自希臘神話,它是一個(gè)怪異的精靈,有獅子的頭頸,山羊的身軀,巨蟒的尾巴,隱喻為幻想、空想、妄想;
在波德萊爾的散文詩(shī)集《巴黎的憂郁》里有一篇小文,題為“人人背著喀邁拉”,詩(shī)人在開(kāi)頭描述的背景,與《神話》中的背景顯得很相似:“在遼闊的灰色天空之下,在塵土飛揚(yáng)、沒(méi)有道路、沒(méi)有草地、沒(méi)有一顆薊草、沒(méi)有一棵蕁麻的大平原里,我碰到好些彎下身子行走的人。他們每個(gè)人的背上背著一個(gè)巨大的喀邁拉,沉重得像一袋面粉,一袋煤炭,或是一個(gè)羅馬步兵的裝備。”有趣的是他沒(méi)有用巖石來(lái)做比喻,或許他認(rèn)為,巖石已經(jīng)成為了西西弗斯的專利。
接下去,他描述了怪獸如何緊緊地鉗制和壓迫著背負(fù)它們的行人,那些人則毫無(wú)怒意,面孔疲憊而嚴(yán)肅,并不知道自己要走向哪里,“他們露出注定要永遠(yuǎn)抱著希望的人們的逆來(lái)順受的表情緩慢前進(jìn)”。而結(jié)尾是這樣的:“有好一會(huì)功夫,我堅(jiān)持著要弄懂其中的奧秘;可是不久,不可抗拒的‘漠不關(guān)心’向我襲來(lái),比起那些被沉重的喀邁拉壓著的人們,我卻是被‘漠不關(guān)心’更沉重地壓垮了。
”這個(gè)結(jié)尾是頹廢的,作者將批評(píng)的刀尖轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)來(lái)對(duì)準(zhǔn)了自己。這位開(kāi)啟了現(xiàn)代主義想象的詩(shī)人,同樣深懷英雄主義的夢(mèng)想,然而,他最終陷入了“漠不關(guān)心”之中,他將舉止顯得懶散而冷漠的紈绔態(tài)度視為“墮落時(shí)代的英雄主義的最后閃光”。尹朝陽(yáng)的《神話》系列里有一幅,巨大的石頭幾乎占滿了整個(gè)畫(huà)面,相比之下,畫(huà)中的人經(jīng)過(guò)了激烈的掙扎,松弛了下來(lái),形將癱軟一般,渺小,無(wú)能,心有不甘而黯然神傷,儼然已經(jīng)放棄了與石頭的搏斗,在這個(gè)英雄主義調(diào)式的系列里,尤其是與其中表現(xiàn)了英雄那巨人般的體魄和能量的畫(huà)面相對(duì),這幅畫(huà)中的人甚至顯出了一種酸楚的滑稽感——這里,我們確知反諷已經(jīng)介入了他的繪畫(huà),并且,可以理解為一種自我反諷,它并非是紈绔式的慵懶,然而,確實(shí)不再繃緊他全身的肌肉,不再保持激昂而單一的斗姿,好像一切都已經(jīng)難以為繼,在畫(huà)中的英雄卸下了石頭的同時(shí),藝術(shù)家自己也仿佛卸下了英雄夢(mèng),任憑那巨大的石頭像烈火般燃燒和蔓延,包圍我們,緊緊地?cái)D壓、烤炙我們,并且溢出整個(gè)畫(huà)面,它以全部的沉重、堅(jiān)硬和尖銳使我們窒息,反襯出我們脆薄如剪紙般的生命。
但是,這樣的畫(huà)面真的意味了終結(jié)嗎?意味著個(gè)人力量的消失和對(duì)精神追求的徹底放棄嗎?不,這生命無(wú)言而動(dòng)人,仍然站立著,呼吸著,正因?yàn)樗杏職鈱⒆约褐糜诒瘎〉纳钐帲鲆环N自我的檢視,它反而更具道德的透明感,也更有力地消解了圖解的危險(xiǎn)。2006年3月Myth,orAnIllustrativeDangerByZhuZhuTouseaseriesofworkstoexpressonesubjectmatterisexplicitlydifferentfromasinglework.Asforseeing,whenweseeoneofthecharmingworks,wewouldliketolingerawhiletolookatitwithourselvesmingledintothedeepofthepicturesurface,whichseemsbeingenlargedasaworld.Butwhenwefaceaseriesofworks,thenthewholeexhibitionmadeupoftheseworks,wewillfeelmorepassive,forwhenweentertheexhibitionspace,wearesurroundedbyamini-world.Tosomeextent,webecomecaptiveandimprisoned;
toputitanotherway,thephysicalsenseoftheseriesworksismorepowerful,anditindeeddominatesthespacetocreateanewspacebyitsquantityandvolume,theartistthenseemsplayaroleofatemporary‘creator’.Behindtheglory,however,theartistisanotheractor,aprisoner.Seriespaintingsareatime-consumingproject,duringwhichtheartistnodoubtworkshardmonotonously.Hisworkingisalwaysfollowedbydistress,suspectandanxiety.Whentheprojectcomestosomestage,hemayfeellost,oreventhinkofgivingitup.Thus,hemightreturntotheoriginalstartingpoint,rethinkhismotiveonifheisworthspendingsuchmoreenergyandtimeonit,andeventhereisanymeaninginit.Thenoteon‘Myth’madebyYinZhaoyangwouldberegardedasaproofforthisactivity.Herecallsoneafternooninsummerinaratherfranktone,thatonthewaytohomehefoundabigstone,‘Itsattherequietlyontheroadside,voiceless,pale,andhard.AllofsuddenIwasmovedinexplicably,forabouttwominutesIstoodtherewatchingthisstone,thenIwentbackwithaheavyheart.’Atnightthestonewasmovedtohishome,duringthefollowingdays,hehopedtonamethisstone.Sohelookedupfordictionaryforaninspiration,andhefoundanentry‘myth’.Thensuddenlytheimaginationwasthere.WhenherelatedthestonetoSisyphus,DavidbyMichelangelo,alegendaryheroKuafurunningaftertheSun,theFoolishOldManYuGongremovingthehill,andnamedit,itbecameathoughtashissubjectmatterofpainting.Onesentenceinhisnoteisworthnoting,hesays:‘Althoughfarfetched,oreveninthedangerofexplanationthroughillustration,Iamstillmovedandshockedbythesplendid,tragicpowersurroundingtheseheroes.’Thatistosay,theoriginalideaforthisserieshasincludedsomeself-doubt.Herevealsthisfactof‘dangerousillustration’.Ithinkthatduringtheprocessofhisconfirmingthepaintingimages,thisdangerwasstilllatent,likeatrapreadyforhimatanytime,catchinghimatsomecorneroraseeminglyflatplace.Buthetriedhisbesttogoaroundit,hisawarenessandintrospection,talentandbraveryarerevealedcompletely.Butitdidn’tmeanthedisappearanceoftrapandtheremovalofdanger,infact,everyartist’sstyle,likeadual-bladedsword,wouldmeancertaindeviatingwhileconqueringtheaudience.Hispaintingsshowakindofindividualheroism,whichissorareinourtimes.Thecontemporarypaintingcircleisfullofqueernessandnamby-pambyism,vulgargameandspiritualcompromise.Sowhenthisyoungartistemergedwithcriticalattitudeofdistainandantagonism,helookedquitedistinctiveofothersandwellacclaimed.Infact,howevertheoutsideworldundergoeschanges,intheinsideofhuman,therealwaysremainsanadmirationofheroes,anaspirationformoralreturn.WhatYindoesjustsuitsforsuchinternalneeds,hispaintingsareimbuedwithmoralaestheticismandpower,andstimulatelifetoreleaseoverwhelmingenergy,jumpingoutwardsfromtheabysmofnothingness.Notwithstandingthereindeedexistsapossibilityofsuchdanger:themoralbeautyinartiseasilywelcomebytheaudienceandalsoeasytoturnintodownfall,formoralityisjustanillustrationofreligion,mythologyorphilosophy,thebiggestshortcomingoftheseimagesistorevealthesourcesofideas,maketheworksfullofsermons,lookingrigidandshallowandanalogoustotheideologicalrhetoric.Thus,whatiscontainedinthemindoftheartistasbelieforidealisalwaysambiguous,theyappealtotheaudiencenotbytruevalue,butbytheexpressiveimages.Asforthespiritualitythatwecanfeelinthistimes,theseimagescanonlyputthemselvesintheabysmofnothingness,whileittriestodemonstrateakindofpostureofflyingandclimbing,itisreadytolookforthegroundingforhisposition.Weofcourseknowthatthesekindsofcreationshaveproducedsomemorehigherexamples,whichshowthatalthoughtheworksareillustrativeandsymbolic,theycouldberegardedasimaginativeautomatism,andtheartistshakesandsubduestheaudiencebytheoriginalimages.IIThesubjectmatterof‘Myth’itselfoughttobearguedfirstofallaboutitsexoticism,thereisakindofintrinsicestrangementculturally.Asweknow,inthe1980s,ExistentialismevokedagreatrepercussioninChina,andCamus’workswerewellwidelyread.HiscriticalessaysonSisyphusmythandthenovels‘Outsiders’and‘ThePlague’werepopularamongChinesereaders.UnderCamus’pen,Sisyphuswaspunishedtopushthestoneinthehellsymbolizingthemodernherointheabsurdhumanconditions.Whathestoodforas‘glorious,tragicpower’isjustwhatYinlikestoneed.Actually,whenYinthoughtofthissubject,hehadalreadyconsideredtheChinesemythologysuchasKuafurunningaftertheSunandtheFoolishOldManremovingthehill.Buttheywereplacedintoalatentcontext.Itseemsstrangetoselecttheremotemythratherthanthelocalone,andyetitwillbemoreeasilyexplainedifthe‘stone’orYin’sowntemperament.Kuafudoubtlesshasastrongheroism,andtheimagerelationbetweenmanandtheSunwouldbeoutstandingifthisstoryistransformedvisually,thoughthehill-removingbytheFoolishOldManisjustademonstrationofmanandstone,akindofstubbornnessisembodiedinhim.ItisonlyuntilthedaysofMaothatheisendowedwithasymbolofpersistenceandperseveranceastheincarnationofheroesadvocatedintheTheoryoftheClass.InChinesemythology,whatissimilartoSisyphusisthestoryof‘TheHolyBirdJingweifillingthesea’.Sheshowsahero-likestruggleachallengebyafinitelifetotheinfinite.Thatthescreesfallingintotheseaandthehugestonesbeingpusheduptothehilltopandthenfallingdownsymbolizeahopelessstruggle.Itcanbeimagined,however,thatascreepickedupbythebeakofabirdlooktoolight,toosatinyforYin’stemperament:hetendstofavorgrandeurandausterity.Onlydotheheavy,cool,hardandpointedstonesconformtohisaestheticattitude.Ascontrast,thenorthern,solidifiedwildnessagainstthesouthern,fluidsearegistersmoreresolutemasculinity.The‘a(chǎn)rrival’ofSisyphusmeansthathehastoemploy‘patheticfallacy’topersonifythestoneassignifyingman’sdesireandmentalburden–thestonelyingattheroadsidehasbeenchangedandelevatedtoasymboliclevel,whichincorporatesthemythwithheroicspiritandbecomestheobjectiveequivalenttothatofdesire,anxiety,andpressure.Inessence,thephysicalfeaturesaredrownedandfrombetweentoexpressthenaturalphysicalfeaturesortheideas,hechoosesthelatter.Thismeansthatthereisdisjointbetweenwhatoriginallymovedhimandwhathewouldliketoexpress,butheisacutelyawareofit–the‘dangerofillustration’.Wecanseethattheseseriesofpaintingsarefinallypresentedtous,thephysicalfeaturesoftheobjectsstillremainsandareexpressedtosomeextent.Amongthemsomedirectlydepictthestonesintheirownpartabouttheirpleatsandpoints,desolatenessandheaviness;
atthemeantime,nobodyappearsinthepictures.Inaddition,somedescribeakindofdeepandcalmpicture:thesoft,bluetone,menbendingoverthestones,whoseemtofeelthephysicalnatureforitsmass,shapeandvolume.Man,throughthedialoguewithsuchnaturalobjects,dissolveshimselfintothedesolatenessandquietnessoftheuniverse.Thescenesoflaborarerepresentedinthepicturesfromdifferentangles,furtherexpressinganaturalfeeling.Laborisaprocessofreleasingman’sprimitivevitalforcepenetratingthephysicalessence.Itisfilledwithunlimitedpleasures,and‘manismadethecenteroftheuniverse,notofthesociety’;
wecanseethatinthemythofSisyphustheepidemicscenicactionofpushingstonesupthehillsmonotonouslyistransfigured,theartistuses‘slowmotion’todemonstratetheinfiniteprocessofquarryingbymeansoffixedpatternsandenlargement.Themaninthepicturespicksstoneupfromthehills,raisesitoverhisheads,embracesit,carriesitontheback,removesit,shakesit,liesbesideit,orlingersonitlikeavulture…
ItremindsusofaSpanishmovies‘Bull’directedbyJulioMedem.Themovieshowstheprocessofhackingwoodfrommultipleangles.Undertheenlargementtheaudiencearesurprisedandshockedtofeelitsinternalpowerandbeauty,toexperienceasatisfactionandhappinessreleasedfromhumanbody.However,thepresentationofhackingwoodisstillpastoral,anaestheticroughness.Incontrast,thetonein‘Myth’isnotillusivelyaestheticatall,noramerepraiseofprimitivevitalforce–initscore,laboristransfigureintoastateofintensity,alienationandcrazinessinmodernsociety;
theinneranxietyandconflictsofthemodernmanismimicallyrepresented,solaborbecomesapunishmentTherelationshipbetweenmanandstonesinthisseriesismorelikeanunendingbattleandawar.Thetypicalsituationappearsoneofthepaintings:thebloodisbleedingbetweenthelegsofthemanwhoismovingthestone,againsthimthemoltenmagmaticfluidflowsfrominsidethepiled-uprocks,manandstonesseembeovertheboilingpoint,theirbattlecanbedescribedas‘perfervid’.Thefuryandcrueltyofthisbattleisquiterevealedinthefigure’scomplexionandbody,orwesaythattocreatethesefacesandbodies,YinretrospectedthegenealogyfromGoyatoFrancisBacon,includingmanyexpressionists,suchasVanGogh,Munck,OskarKokoschka.Alltheseartistspainted‘a(chǎn)nxiouspeople’,theirbrushtoucheslookedintenseandsensitive,theirpaintsgaveahorriblesenseofsolidity.Thefacesandbodiestheypaintedaredistortedandtwitchedundertheburdenofmentalnightmare,sotheorgansaredeformed,orevenblurred;
in‘Myth’,thementalnightmareisincarnatedasastone,abattlebetweenmanandstones.Therefore,thedeformedanddistortedbodieslookmorevivid,whenmanstrivestoraiseupastone,allhismusclesandexpressionareinanintensecondition.Itisparticularlyworthmentioningthatthescratchlinesinthepicturesurfacesof‘Myth’lookcirclessurroundinghumanbodies.Bacononceusedsuchscratchestoexpressthesuppressedvitalityinhumanbody,andtoshowakindof‘ghostlikegaudiness’inthepictureeffectiveness.SuchlinesareskillfullyusedbyYin,theylooklikebloodtracesandtighteningprints,whichsplashintotheskyfromoverexertingbody,asabrokenchainandamarkofwoundedtracesandviolence.Ontheotherhand,theycanbecomparedtotheraysofinternalenergy,asiftheinternalagoniesanddesiresarefinallyextraditedtobetransformedasecstasyinthenothingness.Redraysbringasenseofvibrationinthepicturesurfacetobreaktheclassicalbalanceandstiffness,thusthespacebecomesmorecubic,inthemeantimetheyemitcertainunstable,undefinableandnamelesselements,asiftheartistusesthemintentionallytofillthegapbetweenideasand‘illustration’,todeconstructthesingleideabyusingirrationalvitality.Thereisaclose-upfaceinoneof‘Myth’series,aslikethatghost-likefaceinGoya’sdisastrouspainting.Suchabnormalshapeappearsasifitisprovingthatitisunbearableevenforaherotohavesolong,lonely,andcruelapenalty,whileheloseshispursuittogoodness,theevilbecomeshismentaldictator,soheiscompletelyalienated.Asforthesubjecttheme,thisfacecreatedbyYinhasputdownthe‘modernhero’describedbyCamus,whowritesattheconclusionofhisfamousessay:‘toclimbthemountainisasatisfactionforone’smind,soitoughttobesupposedthatSisyphusishappy.’Inanotherword,ifSisyphusishopelessandhysteric,shoutingmaliciouscursesduringhisrolling,hissignificancewouldnotexist.Onlycouldhewhohasexperiencedsuchconsummatesignificanceofferasampleofindividualhero.Ortosay,‘consummation’and‘happiness’arejustthemoralbasesCamusbuiltfortheprototypeofSisyphus.ButthebaseisbrokeninthisportraitbyYin.WecanseethattherelieslatentlyawishinYin’sconcernandobsessionwithheroesandmythologicalsubjectmatters:theartistscanstillplayaheroicroleintoday’sworld.AndSisyphusasamythicalfigureisadoublesymbol,symbolizingbothhuman’sabsurdsituationandindividuallyrepetitiouseffortsandlonelydestinyofcreation.Superwillisamarkofheroandartistwhoisbuiltuponthemodelofhero.InseveralseriesbyYinZhaoyang,if‘ParadiseLost’isanelegyofbrokenlovemyth,‘TheSquare’and‘TheUtopia’areanelegyofbrokenideologicalmyth,‘Myth’thenisamorespiritualautobiography,itcanbetakenasavariantoftheartist’sself-portrait,acarolofindividualwill.However,inthiscaroltherestillliesastronglyinsolvablecontradiction:istheartist’sheroicdreamaburdentobeunpacked,oramythtobecreatedwithastrongpersonalwill?
Chimaerais,alsofromGreekmythology,aqueerspiritwithlion’shead,goat’sbody,andpython’stail,metaphoricallyreferringtoillusion,fantasy,mirage;
inBaudelaire’sprose-poetrybook‘TheMelancholyofParis’,thereisashortessaytitled‘EveryonecarriesaChimaeraontheirbacks’,thepoetbeginswiththedescriptionofthebackground,similartotheonein‘Myth’:‘a(chǎn)gainstthevastgraysky,inaopenplain,dusty,noroad,nograssland,noanythistle,noanysmartweed,Iencounteredmanycrampedbowedpeoplewalking…
.allofthemcarriedabigChimaeraontheirbacks,soheavyasasackofflour,abagofcoal,orasetofRomansoldier’soutfit.’Itisinterestingthathedoesn’tusetherockasacomparison,orhethinksthattherockhasbeenapatentofSisyphus.Then,hedescribeshowthebeastgripsandpressestightlythecarrier,thosepeopleshownoanyanger,tiredbutserious,andtheydon’tknowwheretogo,‘theyslowlyproceed,theyareseeminglydestinedtoholdahopeundersevereconditions.’Theconclusiongoesas:“Forawhile,Iinsistonunderstandingitssecrets;
butshortly,asenseofunresisting‘indifference’attackedme,ascomparedwiththosepeopleundertheburdenofChimaera,Iwascollapsedwith‘indifference’.”Theconclusionisdecadent,theauthorturnsthecriticalknife-pointtohimself.Thispoet,wholaunchedthemodernistimagination,alsoholdsaheroistdream.He,however,fallsdowninto‘indifference’eventually.Hethinksoflistlessbehaviorandindifferentfloppyas‘thelastsparkleofheroisminthedecadenttimes’.Inoneof‘Myth’paintings,thehugestonesalmostoccupyfullythewholesurface;
incontrast,thefiguresletdown,afterintensestruggle,asifcollapsedly,chikenlike,tiny,impotent,unreconciledanddepressed,justlikegivingupbattlingwiththestones.Inthisseriesofheroistmode,particularlyasagainstwiththepicturesurfacesinwhichthegiantlikebodiesandenergyareexpressed,thefiguresinitevenlookasenseoffunniness–whereinwearecertainthatironyhasbeenengagedinhispaintings,anditcanbeunderstoodasaself-ironythatitisnotafloppylaziness,whileheindeeddoesnotneedtotightenhismuscles,nottokeepazealousandsinglegestureforfighting,asifitseemsdifficultforeverythingtocontinue,andinthepaintingswhentheheroesunpackthestones,theartistseemsunpackthedreamofheroes,lettingalonethehugestonesburningandoverspreading,surroundingus,pressingusandscorchingus,evenrunningoverthewholepicture.Itsuffocatesuswithalltheseheaviness,hardness,andacuity,asregistersourweaklifelikeapaper-cut.But,doesthispicturemeantheending?
Doesitmeanthelossofindividualpowerandtheabandonmentofseekingthespirituality?No,thelifestands,speechlessandbreathing,butmoving,becauseitisbravetoputitselfintothedeepoftragedy,totakeonaself-inspection,anditisinsteadtransparentmorally,aswellasdeconstructstheillustrativedangerforcefully.March,2006尹朝陽(yáng)的“神話”冷林“中國(guó)當(dāng)代藝術(shù)”在海外和本土正在被各種熱情、欲望塑造著,但始終是不可捉摸、不可定義。
她似乎成為某種未來(lái)的藝術(shù)。市場(chǎng)利益和歷史責(zé)任在這一時(shí)刻密切、雜陳在一起。興奮、負(fù)擔(dān)、策略、本能在市場(chǎng)利益和歷史責(zé)任的相互角力和相互利用中不斷閃現(xiàn)在正在制造的“中國(guó)當(dāng)代藝術(shù)”的氛圍里。藝術(shù)家尹朝陽(yáng)就是在這樣的氛圍出現(xiàn)、同時(shí)他的藝術(shù)通過(guò)某種具體性也加強(qiáng)了這一氛圍的緊張感。象中國(guó)大多數(shù)藝術(shù)家一樣,尹朝陽(yáng)是在接受現(xiàn)實(shí)主義教育下成長(zhǎng)起來(lái)的一位年輕藝術(shù)家。
寫實(shí)主義成為他最基本的創(chuàng)作方法。而和中國(guó)當(dāng)代大多數(shù)藝術(shù)家不同的是:他的寫實(shí)主義和日常生活的具體性沒(méi)有太大的關(guān)系,他的寫實(shí)主義不具有當(dāng)代的時(shí)間具體性,這是和90年代“新生代”畫(huà)家最顯著的區(qū)別;同時(shí)他的寫實(shí)主義也不具有對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的幽默批判態(tài)度,“玩世”在他這里重新又變成了嚴(yán)肅。在他的作品中,具體被描繪的事物是和某種目的和理想緊密結(jié)合在一起。它們不具有時(shí)間性,相反卻和無(wú)時(shí)間性的永恒、崇高、偉大、理想和悲劇結(jié)合在一起。
和古典藝術(shù)不同的是:這種結(jié)合明顯受藝術(shù)家當(dāng)下的個(gè)人意志支配。在《烏托邦》系列作品中,藝術(shù)家個(gè)人時(shí)常出現(xiàn)在我們熟知的“偉大”的、“經(jīng)典”的畫(huà)面里,而天安門廣場(chǎng)周圍的建筑物和雕塑被象征性地寫實(shí)出來(lái)不是出自對(duì)這些具體物的什么興趣,而是刻意強(qiáng)調(diào)出一種氛圍,一種自我的英雄主義氛圍。藝術(shù)家反復(fù)描繪這些具體物,意不在釋放這些具體物的美學(xué)意義,而是試圖聚攏起一種個(gè)人的能量。在這里,我們看不到藝術(shù)家對(duì)流行的日常事物的反應(yīng),我們看到的是藝術(shù)家的一種歷史責(zé)任、一種個(gè)人理想。而在最近的藝術(shù)家《神話》系列作品中,這種個(gè)人理想和歷史責(zé)任進(jìn)一步演化為一種對(duì)個(gè)人理想和歷史責(zé)任強(qiáng)行占有的欲望。
藝術(shù)家直接借用“西西弗斯”神話故事,但藝術(shù)家并不在意這一神話故事的哲理,也并不試圖去表述這種哲理,藝術(shù)家真正的目的是通過(guò)這一神話故事來(lái)展現(xiàn)出一種個(gè)人的無(wú)法被抑制的能量。從單純的人物形象到人與石頭結(jié)合的形象、再到單純的石頭形象,一種不安定的、閃爍的、甚至暴力的因素始終出現(xiàn)在畫(huà)面的每一個(gè)角落,經(jīng)典的題材和寫實(shí)的技法在這種不穩(wěn)定中獲得了某種現(xiàn)場(chǎng)感。永恒、崇高、偉大、理想和悲劇在這種現(xiàn)場(chǎng)感中被重新感知,只是它們不再作為一種價(jià)值被藝術(shù)家追求,而是作為一種能量被藝術(shù)家占有。
這種占有是和中國(guó)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展所引發(fā)的貪婪有關(guān)。在《神話》系列中,“石頭”本身充滿了奇異的色彩,“石頭”似乎成了巨大的“寶石”,西西弗斯的搬石上山精神成了一場(chǎng)對(duì)無(wú)限利益的追逐。這與其說(shuō)是一個(gè)現(xiàn)代神話,毋寧認(rèn)為是一種日常現(xiàn)實(shí)。藝術(shù)家將這樣分裂的兩極奇妙地、無(wú)障礙地結(jié)合在一起。這是“中國(guó)當(dāng)代藝術(shù)”的特色?還是中國(guó)社會(huì)的特色?抑或是藝術(shù)家個(gè)人的特色?
現(xiàn)實(shí)主義在中國(guó)目前召喚的是一個(gè)歷史責(zé)任還是對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的占有欲將在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)成為我們的問(wèn)題和特色。尹朝陽(yáng)無(wú)疑是這一問(wèn)題和特色的一個(gè)特殊的持有者。‘Chinesecontemporaryart’isbeingformedandconstructedbyvariousenthusiasmanddesiresinChinaandoverseas,butitisafterallimpalpableandindefinable.Itseemsbecomingakindofartforthefuture.Marketinterestandhistoricalresponsibilityarecloselyintermixedtogetheratthismoment.Theinter-struggleandinter-usageofexcitement,burden,strategyandintuitionarerepeatedlyreflectedintheauraof‘Chinesecontemporaryart’inprocess.TheartistYinZhaoyangjusthasappearedinthisauraandhisartconcretelystrengthenedsuchintensityaswell.LikemostChineseartists,Yinhasasayoungartistgrownupintheeducationofrealism,whichbecomeshisbasicmethodofpaintingpractice.Butunlikemostofthem,hisrealismhasnothingmoretodowithdailylife,anditdoesnotshowtheimmediatecontemporariness,whichisverydistinctivewiththe‘NewlyEmergingGenerationArtists’in1990s;
andneitherdoesithaveahumorouslycriticalattitudetowardsreality,wherein‘cynicism’reappearedasseriousness.Inhisworks,somethingconcreteisconnectedwithcertainpurposeandideal.Theydon’thaveanytime,andareinsteadincorporatedintoeternity,sublimity,grandeur,ideal,andtragedyofTime.Unliketheclassicalistart,suchincorporationisexplicitlydictatedbyartist’swillatthemoment.Intheseriesof‘Utopia’,theartisthimselfquiteoftenappearsinthegreatandcanonicsceneswearesofamiliarwith,andthebuildingsandstatuesaroundtheTianAnMenSquarearesymbolicallyrepresentednotfortheinterestinthesethings,butforcreatinganaura,aheroiccircumstance.Thatherepeatedlydescribesthesethingsdoesnotmeanthereleaseofaestheticmeaninginthem,buttheaccumulationofindividualenergy.Here,wedon’tseeanyresponsebytheartisttothefashionabledailylife,butakindofhistoricalresponsibilityandcertainideal.Inhisrecentseriesworks‘Myth’,thispersonalidealandhistoricalresponsibilityhavefurtherevolvedintoadesireofpossessingindividualidealandhistoricalresponsibility.YinusesthemythicalstoryofSisyphosdirectly,buthisintentionisnotonitsphilosophicalmeaning,oronexhibitingsuchmeaning,buthistruepurposeistodemonstrateakindofuninhabitablepersonalenergybythismyth.Fromsimplefigureimagestothefigure-stoneimagestosimplestoneimages,asortofrestless,shimmering,evenviolentelementskeepappearingineverycornersinthepictures,sotheclassicsubjectmattersandrealisttechniqueshavereachedacertainsenseofimmediacyinsuchinstability.Eternity,sublimity,grandeur,ideal,andtragedyareperceivednotasapursuitofvaluebyartist,butasanenergypossessedbyartist.ThispossessionmusthavesomethingtodowiththegreedinvokedbytherapiddevelopmentofmarketeconomyinChina.Intheseries‘Myth’,‘stones’arefulloflegendarytunes,theyseemahuge‘preciousstones’,Sisyphoscarryingstonesbecomesachasingafterunlimitedinterests.Itislessamodernmyththanadailylife.Yinwonderfullyputsthesetwodividedpolestogetherseamlessly.Isitafeatureof‘Chinesecontemporaryart’?
OrofChinesesociety?Orofartisthimself?WhatrealismatcontemporaryChinacallsforisthatahistoricalresponsibilityorapossessiondesireofrealitywillbetheproblemsandfeaturesofoursinthelongerperiod.YinZhaoyangisnodoubtaspecialistpossessorofsuchproblemsandfeatures.石頭后記一、從石頭說(shuō)起…
“很久很久以前…”是一句飽含很多滄桑味道的話。準(zhǔn)確的說(shuō)法開(kāi)始于五年前,這短暫而又漫長(zhǎng)的五年!那些沉積于胸的過(guò)多的滄桑與感慨時(shí)時(shí)溢出!即使有未老先衰的恐懼,我也已經(jīng)開(kāi)始接受由于時(shí)間的逼迫而不得不接受的成熟,那或許是一種被迫的坦然,但它畢竟是一種更為進(jìn)步的態(tài)度,對(duì)過(guò)去的五年,對(duì)一切事。我真的曾經(jīng)在回家的路上邂逅過(guò)那塊石頭嗎?或許吧!
但它真如我想象般描述的那么充滿傳奇嗎?出于本能,事隔五年我開(kāi)始對(duì)自己的描述充滿了懷疑,甚至因?yàn)樽约菏褂昧诉^(guò)于動(dòng)情的語(yǔ)氣而羞愧難為情。因?yàn)槿魏螘r(shí)候,過(guò)分的煽情都會(huì)導(dǎo)致矯情。那就像一個(gè)氣味難聞的陷阱,令人無(wú)法忍受,心生警惕。至于那塊石頭,那不過(guò)是一塊再普通不過(guò)的石頭。在那一帶這樣的石頭隨處可見(jiàn),它只不過(guò)是農(nóng)民用來(lái)放在馬路邊上,以防止來(lái)往的車輛過(guò)近的靠近他們的房屋。
因?yàn)榕既坏囊黄郴蚴沁^(guò)份的注視,它被我在某個(gè)夜晚沖動(dòng)地搬回了家。回憶這個(gè)事實(shí)使我對(duì)過(guò)去的記憶產(chǎn)生了強(qiáng)烈的動(dòng)搖!聊以自慰的是所謂記憶的真實(shí)已不再是我的追求。“神話”已經(jīng)出現(xiàn),雖然它可能來(lái)自一種謊言。二、解釋《神話》毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),所有這些命名為《神話》的畫(huà)都是我編排出來(lái)的,文明的說(shuō)法是虛構(gòu)。
字典里關(guān)于“神話”的解釋有兩個(gè):一、名詞。關(guān)于神仙或神話的古代英雄的故事,是古代勞動(dòng)人民對(duì)自然現(xiàn)象和社會(huì)生活的一種天真的解釋和美麗的向往;二、指荒誕的無(wú)稽之談!既然原有的意義已經(jīng)無(wú)數(shù)次的被歪曲,我的穿鑿附會(huì)即使稍嫌勉強(qiáng)終不過(guò)暗合了荒誕的無(wú)稽之談的本意。《神話》是個(gè)故事,故事的中心圍繞著一個(gè)人和一堆莫可名狀的石頭,以及一個(gè)無(wú)所不在的逼仄的氛圍。
面對(duì)這些元素我動(dòng)用了強(qiáng)烈的企圖,賦予它們光彩,去影射我周圍紛繁的世事,進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)自己妄圖再現(xiàn)一個(gè)心理現(xiàn)實(shí)的野心。從六年前第一張草圖開(kāi)始,生活里彌漫的對(duì)抗、掙扎和野心,在六年后的今天竟無(wú)絲毫的減弱。即使進(jìn)退之間不再狼狽而稍顯從容,這些許的喘息從容也從未改變我對(duì)這個(gè)心理現(xiàn)實(shí)的悲劇認(rèn)知!但《神話》畢竟是謊言的升華,充滿了散發(fā)著悲劇氣息的浪漫和驚奇!
三、和“西緒弗斯”無(wú)關(guān)語(yǔ)言總是充滿了吊詭和歧義。這是我在成熟之年里越來(lái)越深的體會(huì)。“西緒弗斯”是誰(shuí)?我的故事真的和他無(wú)關(guān)嗎?那更像是假象中的一個(gè)儀式,從我有限的理解出發(fā),我只能讓自己的行動(dòng)聽(tīng)命于一種更為強(qiáng)大的沖動(dòng)——把一切在腦海里瘋狂或愚蠢的念頭轉(zhuǎn)化為作品本身這一物理現(xiàn)象的事實(shí)。某些時(shí)候,我成功了。那些形象并沒(méi)有因?yàn)榇喝デ飦?lái)的五年擱置而模糊,它們?nèi)缤欢叩拿瞳F,一旦掙脫溫度的枷鎖就以一種更為兇猛的力量和速度在我的頭腦里呼嘯奔突,我只能以更為強(qiáng)大的理智和自以為是去盡力捕獲它們,一一收服。
動(dòng)作僵硬、氣喘吁吁、已在所不惜!此時(shí)此刻它好像真的和加繆筆下的那個(gè)人無(wú)關(guān)。我會(huì)短暫沉浸在捕獲的喜悅和沮喪中,樂(lè)此不疲,心無(wú)旁物。四、“活著”西緒弗斯的故事本身充滿了說(shuō)教和強(qiáng)烈的使人警醒的企圖。那畢竟是關(guān)于一個(gè)人的故事。我更愿意把這故事看成一種態(tài)度——自我的奴役和放逐。
那會(huì)比警醒和說(shuō)教來(lái)的更加意味深長(zhǎng)。“人生不美好,但很短暫”是我最近常常念叨的一句話,它來(lái)自一個(gè)美國(guó)的導(dǎo)演。這泄漏天機(jī)的斷語(yǔ)一下子泄了生活的底。于是所有的線索糾結(jié)成一根麻木的繩索套在大多數(shù)人的身上,不能自拔也不想自拔才真正的透出了些許悲劇的血腥味。活著為了活著本身——我對(duì)此深信不疑。
因?yàn)槲艺谟米约喊谆ɑā⒔馉N燦耀眼的生命去印證這句話。五、粉碎我曾經(jīng)在很小的時(shí)候聽(tīng)見(jiàn)一個(gè)伙伴訴說(shuō)他對(duì)一只扣子的仇恨和憤怒。他說(shuō)每當(dāng)看到一只單獨(dú)的扣子放在手掌上他就無(wú)法忍受。內(nèi)心激蕩的憤怒和莫名的仇恨促使他用錘子把那只無(wú)辜的扣子砸的粉碎,唯有此才能使他那無(wú)比偏執(zhí)又緊張的心松弛下來(lái)。
種種的憤懣和抑郁最后只能有兩個(gè)出口。生硬的消化和更為生硬的爆發(fā)。選擇相對(duì)理智的沉默也并不能回避內(nèi)傷的萌生。于是總有人選擇更為極端的爆發(fā),而爆發(fā)的歸宿卻是粉碎。這行為帶有極其偏執(zhí)的無(wú)意義——它們殊途同歸的唯一目的地。六、結(jié)尾時(shí)光荏苒。六年前的我曾看到許多人都或大或小的揣著一塊石頭踔然獨(dú)行,他們緊張,野心勃勃,脆弱并且易受傷害。六年后的今天情況令人絕望的雷同。我想起一句老話:“太陽(yáng)底下無(wú)新事!”二零零六年三月PostscripttotheNotesontheStonesI.FromtheStoneson…
‘Longlongtimeago…’isoneofthebittersentences.Toputitexactly,itreferredtofiveyearsago,howshortandlongthatfiveyears!Howthatdepressedfeelingsbeerupted!EvenifIfeartheprematureaging,Ihavebeguntoaccepttheunacceptablematurityagainsttheoppressionoftime,oritmightbeaforcedeasiness,butitisafterallamoreprogressiveattitudeforthepastfiveyearsandallwhathappenedbefore.DidIreallyencounterthatstoneonmywaytohome?
Perhaps!ButisitreallysolegendaryasIdescribe?Afterfiveyears,duetoinstinct,Ibegantosuspectmydescription,evenIfeeluneasyforwhatIsaidemotionally.Foranytime,beingoversensationalwillleadtobeingaffectedlyunconventional.Thatisasmellingtrap,unbearableandwarning.Forthatstone,thatisaverycommon-lookingone.Suchastoneisavailableeverywhereinthatplace,usedbythepeasantstoputontheroadsidetokeepthetrafficfromnearingtheirhouses.Becauseofanoccasionalglimpseorover-gaze,itwascarriedbacktomyhomeimpulsivelyonenight.WhenIrecallthisfact,Ifeelsouncertainaboutmymemory!
WhatIamjustsatisfiedisthattheso-calledrememberedtruthisnotwhatIlookfor.‘Myth’hasappeared,despiteitmightcomefromalie.II.Explaining‘Myth’Undoubtedly,allthesepaintingsnamedas‘Myth’arefabulizedbyme,whatissaidaboutcivilizationisfictitious.Therearetwoexplanationsabout‘myth’indictionary:1.noun.Astoryofancientheroesaboutimmoralsormythology,akindofinnocentexplanationandanaspirationonnaturalphenomenaandsociallife.2.somethingabsurd.Sincetheoriginalmeaninghasbeenabusedrepeatedly,myeisegeticalexplanation,evensomewhatreluctant,mightbecoincidentwithsuchfantastictale.‘Myth’isastory,centeredbyapersonandapileofnondescriptstones,aswellasadepressingimmanentambience.Facedwithsuchelements,Icouldn’thelphavingastrongintentiontoglorifythem,toimplythosetumultuousworldlythingsaroundme,then,torealizemyambitionofrepresentingaworldofmind.FromthefirstdrawingImadesixyearsago,mylifehasbeenfullofconfrontations,strugglesandambition,andeventodayaftersixyearswithoutanyhintofsubdual.EvenifIdon’tfeeluneasyanymoreinsuchdilemma,theseleisurelinesswillneverchangemytragicawarenessofthispsychologicalreality!
‘Myth’,however,isasublimationoflie,whichispermeatedwithromancesandwonderswithtragictones!III.Ithasnothingtodowith‘Sisyphus’Languageisalwaysfullofeerinessandambiguity.ThisisadeepeningexperiencethatIgotinmygrown-upyears.Whois‘Sisyphus’?
doesmystoryreallyhavenothingtodowithhim?Thatseemsmorelikearitual,andfrommylimitedunderstanding,Icanonlymakemyactionstakeordersfromamorepowerfulimpulse–transformallthecrazyorfollyideasintotheworksasaphysicalfact.Sometimes,Iamsuccessful.Thoseimagesdonotbecomeblurredafterfiveyears’suspension.Theyarelikethebeasthibernating,theywouldroarmorerapidlyandloudlyinmymindoncetheygotreleasedfromthechainsoftemperature,whatIcoulddoistocapturethemonebyoneinamorepowerfulrationalityandself-righteousness.Evenstiffandbreathless,Iwillsacrificemyself!
AtthemomentasifithasreallynothingtodowiththeherowrittenbyCamius.Iwouldbedrownedmyselfinmyhappinessanddepressionofcapture,tirelesslyandintently.IV.‘Lived’ThestoryofSisyphusisfullofsermonandstronglywarningambition.Thatisafteralloneperson’sstory.Iwouldliketoregarditasanattitude–self-slaveryandself-exile.Thatwouldbemoresignificantthanwarningandsermon.RecentlyIoftentalkofthat‘lifeisnotwonderful,butsoshort’,whichisfromanAmericanmoviedirector.Sucheternaljudgmentatoncerevealsasecretoflife.Andthenallthehintsareentangledintoasenselessrope,whichharnessesmostpeople,theydon’twantandcan’tdrawoutofsuchsomewhattragicbloodiness.Toliveisforlivingitself–Iholdsuchbelieffirmly.BecauseIamprovingthissentencewithmygloriouslife.V.BreakingWhenIwasakid,Ionceheardthatayoungpalsaidhishatredandangerataclasp.Hesaidwheneverhesawalonelyclaspinhispalm,hecouldn’tendureit.Thatexcitingangerandnondescripthatredmadehimhammerthatinnocentclaspintopieces,onlydidsuchactionmakehimfeelrelaxedforhisintenseandparanoiacmind.Thereareonlytwowaysoutforsuchangersanddepressions:stiffdigestionandmorestiffexplosion.Tochoosearelativelyreasonablesilencecouldnotavoidtheemergenceofinnerhurt.Andthensomeonealwayschoosesamoreextremeexplosion,butthedestinyofexplosionisthatbreaking.Thisactionisimbuedwithquiteparanoiacmeaninglessness–theonlydestinationoftheirdestiny.VI.ConclusionTimeelapsesquickly.Sixyearsago,Ioncesawthatmanypeopleheldastone,bigorsmall,intheirclothes,walkinglonely,nervous,ambitious,weakandvulnerablyhurt.Sixyearslateratpresentitissame.Irecallanoldsaying:‘nothingnewunderthesun!